Establishment of an in vitro erythroid differentiation system from canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Blood transfusion is a critical, lifesaving medical procedure for dogs.However, the limited availability of blood donors and ethical concerns highlight the need for alternative solutions, such as in vitro-produced red blood cells (RBCs), which remain unexplored in canines.This study aimed to produce canine erythrocytes in vitro from peripheral bloo